NCERT Solutions for Class 6th Social Science Civics- Rural Administration

Rural Administration

Since there are more than six lakh villages in India, many officers are appointed for maintaining law and order, measuring land for the purpose of collecting land revenue etc.

The Functions and Structure of Police Stations in Villages

• Police perform the important function of maintaining law and order within the country. Many police stations have also been set up in villages.
• In cases of crimes, police enquire, investigate and take action against the accused in the case.
• The police can arrest a person on the basis of a FIR.
• They also help the people in the villages in case of natural calamity or an accident.
• Every police station has an area which comes under its control.
• It is in the police station of their area that villagers can register complaints regarding cases of theft, robbery, injuries, accident, fights etc.
• A police station in a village is headed by a Station House Officer (S.H.O.). He/She is generally an inspector from the police department.
• Under the S.H.O. a team comprising of sub inspectors, head constable and constable works.

The Village Patwari and the Tehsildar

The Patwari

Agriculture is the main occupation of the people in villages. One of the main tasks before the government is to get the lands measured in order to calculate the land revenue. Patwari is an important village official. He is also known as Lekhpal, Kanungo or Karamchari in various states. One patwari may look after number of villages. The functions of a patwari are:

• • Measure the land.
  • Keep a record of the measured land and also update the land records in the villages.
  • Maintain a map of each and every land in the register.

• Provide information to the government about the crops which are grown  in the village lands.

• Organise the collection of land revenues from the farmers.

The Tehsildar

The states in India are divided into a number of districts. The District Collector is the head of a district. These districts are further subdivided into tehsils or talukas. The tehsildar looks after the work of his tehsil or taluka. He works under the district collector. The main functions of tehsildars are:

• Supervise the work of the patwaris.
• Ensure that land records are properly maintained and the land revenues are regularly collected.
• Ensure that when required, the farmers are able to obtain a copy of their

land records.

• Enable students to collect the caste certificates from the office of the tehsildar.
• Hears various land disputes.

The Farmers

Farmers at times may require a copy of their land record from the office of the tehsildar for the following purposes:

• Purchase a piece of land
• Sell their plot of land
• Avail a loan from the bank for digging a well on their land
• Buy fertilisers for their fields
• Divide their property among his children

The Rights of the Women

Mostly men in the villages have a right over the land. Women are only expected to work in the fields. Since a long time, a Hindu woman generally was not given a share in the family’s land. After the death of the father, the family property was divided among his sons. This law was changed recently where the daughters were given the right to inherit the family land. This law has benefited many women. They now no longer depend upon anyone for their survival but on their own share of land to fulfill their needs and requirements.

 

Important Questions

• Multiple Choice Questions:

Question 1. SHO is the head of:

(a) Tehsil

(b) District

(c) Police Station

Question 2. In the poem “A daughter’s wish”, daughter wishes

(a) Silk and gold

(b) A piece of land

(c) Dowry

Question 3. Seeds and fertilizers public services is related to:

(a) Villages

(b) Cities

(c) None

Question 4. Maintenance of land record is the responsibility of:

(a) SHO

(b) District Collector

(c) Patwari

Question 5. If any one attacks, you will go to the:

(a) Police Station

(b) Tehsil

(c) Revenue office

Question 6. Raghu had shifted the bund by a few feet in the field of:

(a) Patwari

(b) Tehsildar

(c) Mohan

Question 7. Mohan was frightened of Raghu because:

(a) Raghu was his enemy;

(b) Raghu owned many land and his uncle was Sarpanch;

(c) Raghu was a criminal man

Question 8. Who is called Revenue Officer?

(a) SD

(b) Patwari

(c) Tehsildar

Question 9. Maintenance of law and order is the responsibility of:

(a) Police

(b) Tehsildar

(c) Patwari

Question 10. Hindu Succession Amendment Act was introduced in the year:

(a) 2005

(b) 2006

(c) 2007

Question 11. At what level does a Panchayat Samiti operate a Panchayati Raj structure?

(a) Gram Panchayat level

(b) District level

(c) Block level body

(d) Village level

Question 12. Panchayati Raj system is

(a) Establish to assist the working of the government

(b) Organisation the work of Central government

(c) A constitutional establishment

(d) Organisation of work of state government

Question 13. Where is the relationship between the neighbours healthier

(a) In Cities

(b) In Dispensaries

(c) In villages

(d) In Hospitals

Question 14. The ______ is responsible for calling the meeting of the Gram Sabha and Gram Panchayat and keeping a record of the proceedings

(a) Government

(b) Secretary

(c) Sarpanch

(d) Panch

Question 15. SHO stands for

(a) Station House Officer

(b) Station Head Officer

(c) Sub Head Officer

(d) Station Head Order

• Fill in the blanks:

1. Revenue Officer work under _________.
2. Kanungo is the other name of _________.
3. __________ is the person in charge of the Police Station.
4. The ___________ maintains and updates the records of the village.
5. For managing matters relating to land, districts are further sub-divided into _________ or _________.

• Write true (T) or false (F):

1. The Tehsildar’s office is where land disputes are also heard. 
2. Subdivisions of a district are known by different names such as tehsil, taluka, etc.
3. In the new law sons, daughters and their mothers can get an equal share in the land. 
4. Patwari rarely update the records. 
5. Raghu’s uncle was the Sarpanch of the village. 

• Very Short Questions:

1. How many villages are there in India?
2. Write the full form of S.H.O.
3. What was the dispute between Mohan and Raghu?
4. Who is called the administrative head of the district?
5. When was ‘Hindu Succession Amendment Act’ introduced?
6. Who is the head of the tehsildars or revenue officers?
7. Where should affected party register a complaint?
8. Which amendment actually aimed in achieving gender equality in the matter of property right?
9. Who is the in-charge of a Police Station?
10. What do you understand by a ‘Bund’?

• Short Questions:

1. List the different names of a Patwari.
2. “There was a land dispute between Mohan and Raghu”. What would have the Patwari done to resolve the dispute between them?
3. How women were treated in the share in the family’s agricultural land prior to the Hindu Succession Amendment Act, 2005?
4. Why do we need ‘Rural Administration’ in India?
5. What would you do if somebody claims your piece of land?

• Long Questions:

1. When do you think farmers may require a copy of land record?
2. Write a short note on ‘Hindu Succession Amendment Act, 2005’.
3. Why it is necessary for a Patwari to maintain an updated record?
4. Why Mohan did not register his case at the main Police Station in town?
5. What is the role of a Tehsildar?

ANSWER KEY –

• Multiple Choice Answer:

1. (c) Police Station
2. (b) A piece of land
3. (a) Villages
4.  (c) Patwari
5.  (a) Police Station
6.  (c) Mohan
7. (b) Raghu owned many land and his uncle was Sarpanch;
8. (c) Tehsildar
9. (a) Police
10. (a) 2005
11. (c) Block level body
12. (c) A constitutional establishment
13. (c) In villages
14. (b) Secretary
15. (a) Station House Officer

• Fill in the blanks:

1. District Collector
2. Patwari
3. Station House Officer 
4. Patwari 
5. Tehsil or taluka

• Write true (T) or false (F):

1. True
2. True
3. True
4. False
5. True

• Very Short Answer:

1. There are more than six lakh villages in India.
2. Full form of S.H.O is Station House Officer.
3. Raghu had taken over some of the Mohan’s land.
4. The administrative head of the district is the District Collector.
5. Hindu Succession Amendment Act was introduced in year 2005.
6. District Collector is the head of the tehsildars or revenue officers.
7. Affected party can register a complaint in the police station of his/her area.
8. Hindu Succession Amendment Act, 2005.
9. Station House Officer or S.H.O. is the in-charge of a Police Station.
10. A bund is a small boundary which separates the land.

• Short Answer:

1. 1. The Patwari is known by different names in different states – in some villages such officers are called Lekhpal, in others Kanungo or Karamchari or Village Officer etc.
   2. The Patwari would have measured their lands and compared with the measurements on the map. In case of any disparity action would have been taken accordingly.
   3. Prior to the Hindu Succession Amendment Act, 2005, Hindu women did not get a share in the family’s agricultural land. After the death of the father his property was divided equally only among his sons.
   4. India is said to be a country of villages. Majority of our people live in villages. Hence, village welfare is very important for the progress. ’Ruler Administration’ is needed to look after the need of ruler people.

• I would do the following:

• Will file a complaint in the police station.
• Will check the records of lands with Patwari.
• Will consult Panchayat for suggestion.

• Long Answer:

• Farmers may require a copy of land record for the following purpose:

• A farmer wants to buy a plot of land from another.
• A farmer wants to sell her produce to another.
• A farmer wants a loan from the bank to dig a well in her land.
• A farmer wants to purchase fertilizers for his field.
• A farmer wants to divide his property among his children.

1. 1. Till recently in some states Hindu women did not get a share in the family’s agricultural land. After the death of the father his property was divided equally only among his sons. Recently, the law was changed. In the new law sons, daughters and their mothers can get an equal share in the land. The same law will apply to all states and union territories of the country.

• It is necessary for a Patwari to maintain an updated record for the following reason:

• Farmers may change the crops grown on their fields or someone may dig a well somewhere.
• For providing information to the government about the crops grown in this area.

1. 1. He did not register his case at the main Police Station in town because every police station has an area that comes under its control and all persons in that area can report cases or inform the police about any theft, accident, injury, fight, etc. It is the responsibility of the police of that station to enquire, to investigate and take action on the cases within its area.

• Role of a Tehsildar:

• They have to hear disputes.
• They also supervise the work of the Patwaris and ensure that records are properly kept and land revenue is collected.
• They make sure that the farmers can easily obtain a copy of their record; students can obtain their caste certificates etc.

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